Nuclear power production is one of the most contradictory segments of Europe’s energy policy. On the one hand, it is regarded as the solution to security of supply concerns as one of the most efficient tools of climate protection, while it is also seen as the bearer of unforecastable environmental and financial risks, on the other. There are countries that support nuclear power plant construction with extensive regulatory reforms and financing, while others impose special taxes on nuclear power plants, moratoria on new investments or force their closure. These contradictory effects may equally lead to a renaissance of nuclear power plant construction or to the total disqualification of the technology. Although we cannot predict the future trends, we can take into account the previous years’ experience and analyse possible scenarios as to the direction of European nuclear power plant production.