In this article, we demonstrate an own-developed district heating model. We simulate the Hungarian district heating sector with this tool – focusing on renewable district heating production - in different policy regimes.

The aims of the present paper are twofold. First, it analyses the applicability of the 10% interconnection indicator with respect to medium/long term security of supply and market integration: Does it accurately consider the SOS situation of the Member ...

Twinning is an innovative tool utilized in the EU enlargement process. It is designed to strengthen the institutional capacities of the candidate countries to implement the acquis communautaire. Twinning involves the long-term secondment of a Member ...

Well-conceived infrastructure development is the key to a fully integrated gas market as depicted in the Energy Union Package. Physical interconnection is the hardware that enables security of supply, which has become a particularly high priority issue ...

Since South Stream’s termination in early December 2014, governments in Central and Southeast Europe (CSEE) have championed a litany of pan-regional pipeline proposals to carry gas from Russia’s planned delivery point in Ipsala, Turkey via the Balkans to ...

This paper assesses the EU’s energy relations with Russia and Turkey and argues that theEU should employ more proactive engagement going forward. In the context of Europe’sdeclining indigenous production, Russia’s high aggregate market share should be ...

Despite an unceremonious end to the controversial South Stream mega-pipeline, Russia remains outspoken and determined in its effort to carve Ukraine entirely out of its European natural gas deliveries which accounted for 62 billion cubic meters (bcm) of ...

This fact-finding paper seeks to identify recent trends in natural gas use and import dependencies in twelve rather vulnerable EU Member States and to analyse the potential to reduce insecurity of external gas supplies of these countries in the short and ...

Climate Strategies has published The EU’s 2030 Climate and Energy Framework and Energy Security study, which contains chapters written by REKK's researchers. The focus of the study assesses the effect of EU's climate policy on the gas security of supply ...

The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether the support of renewable power generation could decrease the wholesale and retail electricity prices. The latter one includes the support of renewables. Several studies point out that not only the ...