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    Daily gas demand in Europe: how much does temperature matter?Research paper

    Building-heating related use of natural gas is highly temperature-dependent. Majority of buildings in Europe are heated with natural gas, which has been a stable and cheap fuel for the early 2000’s. Russia’s war in Ukraine and the curtailment of Russian ...

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    Two decades of changing dependency on Russian gas in Central and Eastern Europe: strategies versus achievementsJournal of Contemporary European StudiesResearch paper

    The Eastern enlargements of the EU increased the bloc’s dependency on Russian gas and contributed to a more cautious attitude towards these supplies. This paper assesses the Russian gas dependency of the 11 Central and East European new member states ...

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    The Economic and Energy Security Implications of the Russian Energy WeaponEnergy, 2024Research paper

    The Russian–Ukrainian war of 2022 sent shockwaves through the global economy and disrupted energy markets on an unprecedented scale. The conflict not only caused extensive devastation in Ukraine but also triggered a commodity supply shock in various ...

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    Potentials and levels for the electrification of space heating in buildings and its effects on natural gas networksAnalysis

    REKK as a member of a major consortium assessed the effects of electrification and alternative fuels in the European building stock on the natural gas transmission networks. The consortium led by Consentec, made up of Fraunhofer ISI, TU Wien, E-think and ...

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    Possibilities for phasing out Russian gas for the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 winter from the EU energy supplyAnalysis

    The goal of the study was to follow up on the recent developments of the gas market both on the supply and demand market – and build them into the forward-looking analysis for the 2022/2023 gas year and for the 2023/2024 gas year. Based on the results of ...

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    Opinion brief to the upcoming Energy Council of September 9, 2022Proposal to manage the current EU energy market crisis in a fair and market compatible manner by introducing a ‘skimming mechanism’ in the form of a fee added to the current regulated cross-border gas entry tariff for pipeline gas suppliers to the EUResearch paper

    The origin of the current EU energy market crisis is the manipulation of its natural gas market. Extreme gas wholesale prices are direct consequences of the withholding of Russian gas deliveries to the European market. As extreme gas prices spill over to ...

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    Is Russia to blame for high European gas prices?Reasons behind the high gas prices and the way ahead in 2022Research paper

    Since March 2021 the European wholesale natural gas price has rose steadily above the pre-COVID 2019 levels reaching hights never seen before, leading to gas to coal switch in the power production and demand reduction in industrial production. Analysing ...

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    PREBS - Technical assistance in realisation of the 5th report of the European Commission on progress on renewable energy deploymentAnalysis

    The Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) requires member states to submit progress reports every two years, on the development of renewable energy (RES) use compared with their indicative trajectories in their National Renewable Energy Action Plans ...

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    Study on Gas market upgrading and modernisation – Regulatory framework for LNG terminalsAnalysis

    Well-functioning and liquid gas markets are a prerequisite for ensuring affordable energy for consumers, competitiveness of industries, and security of supply. They also play a role in achieving the environmental ambitions of the European Green Deal ...

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    Barriers to entry in EU Retail energy marketsAnalysis

    The consortium of REKK, VaasaETT, MRC and The Advisory House contracted by the European Commission conducted a Europe-wide research project to analyse barriers to entry in retail energy markets. The project assessed the challenges facing suppliers and ...

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