Natural gas prices worldwide increased on the back of the COVID economic recovery in 2021. European prices skyrocketed when the dominant external supplier, Gazprom, started to withhold supplies in Q4 2021. This analysis uses market modelling to assess ...
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The aim of this policy brief is to assess the impact of a full Russian gas cut scenario on the EU27 gas bill, supply mix and utilization of LNG infrastructure in the current (2022/23) and the next storage year (2023/24).
Between 2013 and 2020 the EU set up a complex institutional system to select and support the implementation of energy infrastructure projects that are of European interest (PCIs). EUR 1. 4 billion EU support was awarded to 16 natural gas projects between ...
The origin of the current EU energy market crisis is the manipulation of its natural gas market. Extreme gas wholesale prices are direct consequences of the withholding of Russian gas deliveries to the European market. As extreme gas prices spill over to ...
Our previous policy brief (REKK 01/2022) examined supply side options to substitute for Russian gas, finding short-term alternative pipeline sources to be maximized and additional LNG volumes limited. An additional 500 TWh/year (~50 bcm/year) of EU LNG ...
The 24 February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine marks a new epoch in modern history. The first days of the war moved many Western countries to impose economic sanctions on Russia despite the leverage it has over Europe with energy supplies, especially ...
Since March 2021 the European wholesale natural gas price has rose steadily above the pre-COVID 2019 levels reaching hights never seen before, leading to gas to coal switch in the power production and demand reduction in industrial production. Analysing ...
Import dependency in the Danube Region (DR) is very high - on average (76%) - and above 80% in 10 out of the 14 DR countries. The share of gas consumption in DR is similar to the EU28 (~24%) while coal is much higher - 26% compared to 14%There is a common ...
The Russian gas transit through Ukraine and the possibility of circumnavigating the historically dominant route poses a serious challenge to European gas markets. With the application of market modelling tools, this paper examines Russian export ...
Since the opening of the natural gas market in 2004, profound changes have taken place in ownership, regulation and operation of the natural gas market. After morphing to a multi-player competition market structure, some market segments returned to ...