The construction of a series of flood peak reservoirs along the River Tisza was the result of a change in flood defense strategy triggered by the experiences of the Millennium floods and a Hungarian national budget constraint. The Tiszaroff flood ...

The chapter reviews the operation of and experience with the Water load fee (WLF) introduced in Hungary in 2004. The WLF is an effluent charge imposed on industrial facilities and wastewater utilities that discharge their effluents directly into surface ...

In this article, we demonstrate an own-developed district heating model. We simulate the Hungarian district heating sector with this tool – focusing on renewable district heating production - in different policy regimes.

The aims of the present paper are twofold. First, it analyses the applicability of the 10% interconnection indicator with respect to medium/long term security of supply and market integration: Does it accurately consider the SOS situation of the Member ...

Twinning is an innovative tool utilized in the EU enlargement process. It is designed to strengthen the institutional capacities of the candidate countries to implement the acquis communautaire. Twinning involves the long-term secondment of a Member ...

Well-conceived infrastructure development is the key to a fully integrated gas market as depicted in the Energy Union Package. Physical interconnection is the hardware that enables security of supply, which has become a particularly high priority issue ...

Since South Stream’s termination in early December 2014, governments in Central and Southeast Europe (CSEE) have championed a litany of pan-regional pipeline proposals to carry gas from Russia’s planned delivery point in Ipsala, Turkey via the Balkans to ...

This paper assesses the EU’s energy relations with Russia and Turkey and argues that theEU should employ more proactive engagement going forward. In the context of Europe’sdeclining indigenous production, Russia’s high aggregate market share should be ...

Despite an unceremonious end to the controversial South Stream mega-pipeline, Russia remains outspoken and determined in its effort to carve Ukraine entirely out of its European natural gas deliveries which accounted for 62 billion cubic meters (bcm) of ...

This fact-finding paper seeks to identify recent trends in natural gas use and import dependencies in twelve rather vulnerable EU Member States and to analyse the potential to reduce insecurity of external gas supplies of these countries in the short and ...