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KEY MESSAGESRecurrent summer electricity price spikes in Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Croatia reflect tight supply–demand conditions and constraints in the European transmission network. Across three weeks of high electricity prices in summer 2026 and a ...

In Hungary, the first week of August was widely regarded as the most critical period of summer 2026. An even more intense heatwave developed than the one experienced in June, while the output of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant had to be curtailed due to the ...

Along with the rapid transformation of electricity systems and the growing share of weather-dependent renewable energy sources, the role of demand-side flexibility (DSF) is becoming increasingly important. While in traditional electricity systems—which ...

Phasing out Russian gas is technically and physically feasible even during major global supply shocks, as missing volumes can be successfully replaced through a combination of storage withdrawals and alternative LNG imports. Maintaining Russian gas ...

In Hungary, a household energy price regulation for network energy carriers and services has been in place since 2013 (in Hungarian: rezsicsökkentés).  Until 2022, the system was not differentiated, meaning that household consumers benefited from the ...

Natural gas storage facilities are a fundamental source of seasonal supply in Europe. The storage obligation set out in 2022 required all storage facilities to be filled up to 90% of their capacity by the start of the withdrawal season. Some Member ...

EU ETS2 - the extension of the EU Emissions Trading System to the buildings and transport sectors, as well as to industrial companies not covered by ETS1 - was originally planned to start operating in 2027. As the regulation is expected to increase ...

The introduction of flow-based market coupling (FBMC) within the Core region represented a major step forward in European power market integration. Under the flow-based market coupling mechanism, transmission system operators manage transmission capacity ...

The energy crisis in Europe and the war in Ukraine prompted a number of regulatory responses in the EU27. One of these responses was the so-called storage regulation, introduced in 2022 stipulating a mandatory fill-up target by 1 November each year. The ...

This policy brief is based on the workshop titled “ Beyond Batteries – Exploring Long-Duration Electricity Storage Solutions ” co-organized by the British Embassy Budapest and REKK, which took place on January 29th, 2025. Main conclusions: Long-duration ...